Integers represented by \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)

Which integers can be expressed as \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)? \(a\), \(b\), \(c\in\Bbb Z\). \[(a\pm1)^3+a^3+a^3-3(a\pm1)a^2=3a\pm1\] \[(a-1)^3+a^3+(a+1)^3-3a(a+1)(a-1)=9a\] \[2(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc)=3(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2)-(a+b+c)^3\] If \(3\mid(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc)\), then \(3\mid(a+b+c)^3\), \(3\mid(a+b+c)\). so \(9\mid(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc)\). All \(n\) such that \(3\nmid n\) or \(9\mid n\).

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The indeterminate equation \(x^2+y^2=nz^2\)

Richard Taylor(就是协助 Andrew Wiles 完成了Fermat’s Last Theorem 的证明的那位) 写了一篇很有趣的文章 Modular Arithmetic: Driven by Inherent Beauty and Human Curiosity(The Institute Letter, 2012, Summer, 6-8). 这文章指出: Euclid 在他的几何原本 已经得到方程 \begin{equation}x^2+y^2=z^2\end{equation} 的全部整数解. Taylor 进一步指出, 只要 \begin{equation}x^2+y^2=2z^2\end{equation} 有一个非零整数解, …

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