The Quadratic Reciprocity Law
If \(p,q\) are distinct odd primes, then \[\left( \frac pq\right) \left( \frac qp\right) = (-1)^{\frac{(p-1)(q-1)}4},\] where \(\left( \frac{}{}\right)\) is the Legendre symbol. 这就是被 Gauss 称为”数论酵母” 的二次互反律. 自 Legendre 的那个没有完成的证明以来, 据 Reciprocity Laws: From …
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